camra shots

Big Close-up - a shot taken very close to the subject (closer than would be necessary for a close-up), revealing extreme detail.

Bridging shot - a shot (cut) used to cover a break in time, or other break in continuity.

Close-up - a shot taken very close to the subject ( or with the subject of the shot very large in the frame), revealing a detail only. (i.e., the human face, or hands).

Coding - once the workprint and sound stock (mag) have been placed in sync, the rolls are coded with matching yellow edge numbers so they can be matched up later once they have been cut up into pieces.

Conforming - the cutting of the OCN to match the final cut of a film.

Tilt - to turn or rotate the camera up or down in shooting.

Contact print - a print made in a contact printer where the original element and duplicate element actually are pressed together at the point of expose (no lens involved). Workprints and "dirty dupes" are made this way.

Continuity of motion - the flow of action from one shot to the next as it is placed on the screen at the cut point. Placing the significant action at the end of a shot in the same area of the screen where the significant action will begin in the next shot.

Cross-cut - the intercutting of shots from two or more scenes so the fragments of each scene will be presented to the viewers attention alternately. - see parallel action.

Cut - in editing, a single unbroken strip of film.

Dissolve - a gradual merging of the end of one shot and beginning of another produced by the superimposition of a fade-out onto a fade-in of equal length.

Clapper - the sticks that are slapped together in view of the camera for the purpose of synchronizing film sound. These are usually, but not always, attached to the slate and appear at the head or tail of a sync sound take.

Dolly shot - a shot taken while the camera is in motion on a dolly.Dupe negative - a negative element printed from a positive print (an inter-positive). Release prints are printed from a dupe negative.Establishing shot - a shot used near the beginning of a scene to establish the inter-relationship of details to be shown subsequently in closer shots.

Academy leader - a leader placed at the head of release prints containing information for the projectionist and featuring numbers which are black on a clear background, counting from 11 to 3 at 16 frame intervals.

Fade-in - 1 a shot which begins in total darkness and gradually lightens to full brightness. 2.

Fade-out - the opposite of a fade-in.Inter-positive print - a fine grain print made from the conformed original negative which retains the orange cast of the OCN. The IP is used to produce subsequent dupe negatives.

Jump cut - A cut which breaks the continuity of time by jumping forward from one part of an action to another.

Lab roll - rolls of OCN compiled by the lab for printing which may consist of several camera rolls.

Legal effects - the lengths for fades and dissolves which can be executed by most printers’.

Library shot - a shot used in a film, but not originally taken for that film.

Long shot, a shot taken from a considerable distance. Often the LS serves as an establishing shot. (i.e., a human figure taken so it is shorter than the height of the screen)Master shot - a shot which covers an entire piece of dramatic action (usually a long shot, or wide shot).

Medium close-up - a shot between a MS and a CU. (i.e., a human figure taken from the chest up)

Medium shot - a shot between a LS and a MCU (i.e.,. a human figure taken from the waist up)Montage - 1) the juxtaposition of seemingly unrelated shots or scenes which, when combined, achieve meaning (as in, shot A and shot B together give rise to an third idea, which is then supported by shot C, and so on), or 2) a series of related shots which lead the viewer to a desired conclusion (as in, shot A leads to shot B leads to shot C... leads to shot X; shot X being the outcome of the sequence).

Parallel action - a device of narrative construction in which the development of two pieces of action are presented simultaneously.

Sequence - a series of shots or scenes which has a beginning, middle and end (like a chapter in a book).

Shot - a recording of a single take.KeyKode - an extension of the latent edge numbers whereby each frame is given a number. These numbers are recorded as a barcode on the negative and can be read by a special reader in the lab or transfer house.

Sync pop - a single frame tone placed on the sound track so as to correspond with the "2" frame on the SMPTE leader.